利用Python制作一个MOOC公开课下载器
来源:脚本之家    时间:2022-03-10 14:01:15
目录
导语开发工具环境搭建先睹为快原理简介

导语

记得很久以前写过一些中国大学MOOC上的视频下载器,不过好像都已经年久失修了。正好最近有需要,所以重新写了一个,顺便上来分享一波,寒假大家也可以用它来下载点课程内卷一下:

废话不多说,让我们愉快地开始吧~

开发工具

Python版本:3.7.8

相关模块:

DecryptLogin模块;

tqdm模块;

click模块;

argparse模块;

以及一些python自带的模块。

环境搭建

安装Python并添加到环境变量,pip安装需要的相关模块即可。

先睹为快

运行方式:

python moocdl.py --url 课程链接

效果如下:

moocdl

随便挑的一个课程测试的,结果是m3u8格式的,所以下载起来有点慢。默认会把所有的课件这些东西也一起下载下来放到对应的目录。

原理简介

首先,我们需要先模拟登录中国大学MOOC,这样才能下载对应的课程资料,这里借助公众号之前开源的DecryptLogin包就好啦:

"""登录"""
def login(self, username, password):
    lg = login.Login()
    infos_return, session = lg.icourse163(username, password)
    return infos_return, session

接着,我们简单讲解一下如何下载对应课程里的资料。首先,我们需要获得课程相关的基本资料,随便点开个课程主页就可以发现直接在返回的页面里就有:

提取我们需要的课程信息的代码实现如下:

# 从课程主页面获取信息
url = url.replace("learn/", "course/")
response = self.session.get(url)
term_id = re.findall(r"termId : "(\d+)"", response.text)[0]
course_name = " - ".join(re.findall(r"name:"(.+)"", response.text))
course_name = self.filterBadCharacter(course_name)
course_id = re.findall(r"https?://www.icourse163.org/(course|learn)/\w+-(\d+)", url)[0]
print(f"从课程主页面获取的信息如下:\n\t[课程名]: {course_name}, [课程ID]: {course_name}, [TID]: {term_id}")

接着利用这些信息来爬取对应的资源列表:

# 获取资源列表
resource_list = []
data = {
    "tid": term_id,
    "mob-token": self.infos_return["results"]["mob-token"],
}
response = self.session.post("https://www.icourse163.org/mob/course/courseLearn/v1", data=data)
course_info = response.json()
file_types = [1, 3, 4]
for chapter_num, chapter in enumerate(course_info.get("results", {}).get("termDto", {}).get("chapters", [])):
    for lesson_num, lesson in enumerate(chapter.get("lessons", [])) if chapter.get("lessons") is not None else []:
        for unit_num, unit in enumerate(lesson.get("units", [])):
            if unit["contentType"] not in file_types: continue
            savedir = course_name
            self.checkdir(savedir)
            for item in [self.filterBadCharacter(chapter["name"]), self.filterBadCharacter(lesson["name"]), self.filterBadCharacter(unit["name"])]:
                savedir = os.path.join(savedir, item)
                self.checkdir(savedir)
            if unit["contentType"] == file_types[0]:
                savename = self.filterBadCharacter(unit["name"]) + ".mp4"
                resource_list.append({
                    "savedir": savedir,
                    "savename": savename,
                    "type": "video",
                    "contentId": unit["contentId"],
                    "id": unit["id"],
                })
            elif unit["contentType"] == file_types[1]:
                savename = self.filterBadCharacter(unit["name"]) + ".pdf"
                resource_list.append({
                    "savedir": savedir,
                    "savename": savename,
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "contentId": unit["contentId"],
                    "id": unit["id"],
                })
            elif unit["contentType"] == file_types[2]:
                if unit.get("jsonContent"):
                    json_content = eval(unit["jsonContent"])
                    savename = self.filterBadCharacter(json_content["fileName"])
                    resource_list.append({
                        "savedir": savedir,
                        "savename": savename,
                        "type": "rich_text",
                        "jsonContent": json_content,
                    })
print(f"成功获得资源列表, 数量为{len(resource_list)}")

最后根据资源类型解析下载即可:

# 下载对应资源
pbar = tqdm(resource_list)
for resource in pbar:
    pbar.set_description(f"downloading {resource["savename"]}")
    # --下载视频
    if resource["type"] == "video":
        data = {
            "bizType": "1",
            "mob-token": self.infos_return["results"]["mob-token"],
            "bizId": resource["id"],
            "contentType": "1",
        }
        while True:
            response = self.session.post("https://www.icourse163.org/mob/j/v1/mobileResourceRpcBean.getResourceToken.rpc", data=data)
            if response.json()["results"] is not None: break
            time.sleep(0.5 + random.random())
        signature = response.json()["results"]["videoSignDto"]["signature"]
        data = {
            "enVersion": "1",
            "clientType": "2",
            "mob-token": self.infos_return["results"]["mob-token"],
            "signature": signature,
            "videoId": resource["contentId"],
        }
        response = self.session.post("https://vod.study.163.com/mob/api/v1/vod/videoByNative", data=data)
        # ----下载视频
        videos = response.json()["results"]["videoInfo"]["videos"]
        resolutions, video_url = [3, 2, 1], None
        for resolution in resolutions:
            for video in videos:
                if video["quality"] == resolution:
                    video_url = video["videoUrl"]
                    break
            if video_url is not None: break
        if ".m3u8" in video_url:
            self.m3u8download({
                "download_url": video_url,
                "savedir": resource["savedir"],
                "savename": resource["savename"],
            })
        else:
            self.defaultdownload({
                "download_url": video_url,
                "savedir": resource["savedir"],
                "savename": resource["savename"],
            })
        # ----下载字幕
        srt_info = response.json()["results"]["videoInfo"]["srtCaptions"]
        if srt_info:
            for srt_item in srt_info:
                srt_name = os.path.splitext(resource["savename"])[0] + "_" + srt_item["languageCode"] + ".srt"
                srt_url = srt_item["url"]
                response = self.session.get(srt_url)
                fp = open(os.path.join(resource["savedir"], srt_name), "wb")
                fp.write(response.content)
                fp.close()
    # --下载PDF
    elif resource["type"] == "pdf":
        data = {
            "t": "3",
            "cid": resource["contentId"],
            "unitId": resource["id"],
            "mob-token": self.infos_return["results"]["mob-token"],
        }
        response = self.session.post("http://www.icourse163.org/mob/course/learn/v1", data=data)
        pdf_url = response.json()["results"]["learnInfo"]["textOrigUrl"]
        self.defaultdownload({
            "download_url": pdf_url,
            "savedir": resource["savedir"],
            "savename": resource["savename"],
        })
    # --下载富文本
    elif resource["type"] == "rich_text":
        download_url = "http://www.icourse163.org/mob/course/attachment.htm?" + urlencode(resource["jsonContent"])
        self.defaultdownload({
            "download_url": download_url,
            "savedir": resource["savedir"],
            "savename": resource["savename"],
        })

ok,大功告成啦,写的有点简略,因为晚上还有点其他事。大家可以自己在手机端抓包试试,很简单的~

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