详解Python实现字典合并的四种方法
来源:脚本之家    时间:2022-03-24 19:19:38
目录
1、用for循环把一个字典合并到另一个字典2、用dict(b, **a)方法构造一个新字典3、用b.update(a)的方法,更新字典4、把字典转换成列表合并后,再转换成字典(1)利用a.items()、b.items()把a、b两个字典转换成元组键值对列表(2)合并列表并且把合并后的列表转换成字典5、实例,netmiko使用json格式的数据进行自动化操作(1)json格式的处理(3)netmiko读取json类型信息示例

1、用for循环把一个字典合并到另一个字典

把a字典合并到b字典中,相当于用for循环遍历a字典,然后取出a字典的键值对,放进b字典,这种方法python中进行了简化,封装成b.update(a)实现

>>> a = {"device_type": "cisco_ios", "username": "admin", "password": "cisco"}
>>> b = {"name": "r1"}
>>> for k, v in a.items():
...     b[k] =  v
... 
>>> a
{"device_type": "cisco_ios", "username": "admin", "password": "cisco"}
>>> b
{"name": "r1", "device_type": "cisco_ios", "username": "admin", "password": "cisco"}

2、用dict(b, **a)方法构造一个新字典

使用**a的方法,可以快速的打开字典a的数据,可以使用这个方法来构造一个新的字典

>>> a = {"device_type": "cisco_ios", "username": "admin", "password": "cisco"}
>>> b = {"name": "r1"}
>>> c = dict(b, **a)
>>> c
{"name": "r1", "device_type": "cisco_ios", "username": "admin", "password": "cisco"}
>>> a
{"device_type": "cisco_ios", "username": "admin", "password": "cisco"}
>>> b
{"name": "r1"}

3、用b.update(a)的方法,更新字典

>>> a = {"device_type": "cisco_ios", "username": "admin", "password": "cisco"}
>>> b = {"name": "r1"}
>>> b.update(a)
>>> a
{"device_type": "cisco_ios", "username": "admin", "password": "cisco"}
>>> b
{"name": "r1", "device_type": "cisco_ios", "username": "admin", "password": "cisco"}

4、把字典转换成列表合并后,再转换成字典

利用a.items()的方法把字典拆分成键值对元组,然后强制转换成列表,合并list(a.items())和list(b.items()),并使用dict把合并后的列表转换成一个新字典

(1)利用a.items()、b.items()把a、b两个字典转换成元组键值对列表

>>> a = {"device_type": "cisco_ios", "username": "admin", "password": "cisco"}
>>> b = {"name": "r1"}
>>> a.items()
dict_items([("device_type", "cisco_ios"), ("username", "admin"), ("password", "cisco")])
>>> b.items()
dict_items([("name", "r1")])
>>> list(a.items())
[("device_type", "cisco_ios"), ("username", "admin"), ("password", "cisco")]
>>> list(b.items())
[("name", "r1")]

(2)合并列表并且把合并后的列表转换成字典

>>> dict(list(a.items()) + list(b.items()))
{"device_type": "cisco_ios", "username": "admin", "password": "cisco", "name": "r1"}

5、实例,netmiko使用json格式的数据进行自动化操作

(1)json格式的处理

#! /usr/bin/env python3
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
import json
​
def creat_net_device_info(net_name, device, hostname, user, passwd):
   dict_device_info = {
                       "device_type": device,
                       "ip": hostname, 
                       "username": user, 
                       "password": passwd
                      }
   dict_connection = {"connect": dict_device_info}
   dict_net_name = {"name": net_name}
   data = dict(dict_net_name, **dict_connection)
   data = json.dumps(data)
   return print(f"生成的json列表如下:\n{data}")
​
​
if __name__ == "__main__":
   net_name = input("输入网络设备名称R1或者SW1的形式:")
   device = input("输入设备类型cisco_ios/huawei: ")
   hostname = input("输入管理IP地址: ")
   user = input("输入设备登录用户名: ")
   passwd = input("输入设备密码: ")
   json_founc = creat_net_device_info
   json_founc(net_name, device, hostname, user, passwd)

(2)json格式的设备信息列表

[
  {
       "name": "R1", 
       "connect":{
           "device_type": "cisco_ios",
           "ip": "192.168.47.10",
           "username": "admin",
           "password": "cisco"
      }
  },
  {
       "name": "R2", 
       "connect":{
           "device_type": "cisco_ios",
           "ip": "192.168.47.20",
           "username": "admin",
           "password": "cisco"
      }
  },
  {
       "name": "R3", 
       "connect":{
           "device_type": "cisco_ios",
           "ip": "192.168.47.30",
           "username": "admin",
           "password": "cisco"
      }        
  },
  {
       "name": "R4", 
       "connect":{
           "device_type": "cisco_ios",
           "ip": "192.168.47.40",
           "username": "admin",
           "password": "cisco"
      }    
  },
  {
       "name": "R5", 
       "connect":{
           "device_type": "cisco_ios",
           "ip": "192.168.47.50",
           "username": "admin",
           "password": "cisco"
      }
  }
]

(3)netmiko读取json类型信息示例

#! /usr/bin/env python3
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
​
import os
import sys
import json
from datetime import datetime
from netmiko import ConnectHandler
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor as Pool
​
def write_config_file(filename, config_list):
   with open(filename, "w+") as f:
       for config in config_list:
           f.write(config)
​
def auto_config(net_dev_info, config_file):
   ssh_client = ConnectHandler(**net_dev_info["connect"]) #把json格式的字典传入
   hostname = net_dev_info["name"]
   hostips = net_dev_info["connect"]
   hostip = hostips["ip"]
   print("login " + hostname + " success !")
   output = ssh_client.send_config_from_file(config_file)
   file_name = f"{hostname} + {hostip}.txt"
   print(output)
   write_config_file(file_name, output)
   
def main(net_info_file_path, net_eveng_config_path):
   this_time = datetime.now()
   this_time = this_time.strftime("%F %H-%M-%S")
   foldername = this_time
   old_folder_name = os.path.exists(foldername)
   if old_folder_name == True:
       print("文件夹名字冲突,程序终止\n")
       sys.exit()
   else:
       os.mkdir(foldername)
       print(f"正在创建目录 {foldername}")
       os.chdir(foldername)
       print(f"进入目录 {foldername}")
​
   net_configs = []
​
   with open(net_info_file_path, "r") as f:
       devices = json.load(f) #载入一个json格式的列表,json.load必须传入一个别表
​
   with open(net_eveng_config_path, "r") as config_path_list:
       for config_path in config_path_list:
           config_path = config_path.strip()
           net_configs.append(config_path)
​
   with Pool(max_workers=6) as t:
       for device, net_config in zip(devices, net_configs):
           task = t.submit(auto_config, device, net_config)
       print(task.result())    
​
​
if __name__ == "__main__":
   #net_info_file_path = "~/net_dev_info.json"
   #net_eveng_config_path = "~/eve_config_path.txt"
   net_info_file_path = input("请输入设备json_inventory文件路径: ")
   net_eveng_config_path = input("请输入记录设备config路径的配置文件路径: ")
   main(net_info_file_path, net_eveng_config_path)

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