Python进行Restful API开发实例详解

来源：脚本之家时间：2022-03-30 11:53:18

1. Flask-RESTful

1.安装pip依赖

[root@bigdata001 ~]#
[root@bigdata001 ~]# pip3 install flask
[root@bigdata001 ~]#
[root@bigdata001 ~]# pip3 install flask_restful
[root@bigdata001 ~]#

2.运行程序如下：

#!/usr/bin/python3
from flask import Flask
from flask_restful import Resource, Api, reqparse
host = "0.0.0.0"
port = 5600
app = Flask(__name__)
api = Api(app)
class HelloWorld(Resource):
    def __init__(self):
        self.parser = reqparse.RequestParser()
        self.parser.add_argument("key1", type = str)
        self.parser.add_argument("key2", type = str)
    def get(self):
        data = self.parser.parse_args()
        value1 = data.get("key1")
        value2 = data.get("key2")
        return {"hello":"world", value1:value2}
api.add_resource(HelloWorld, "/query")
if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host = host, port = port, debug = True)

3.请求URL: http://192.168.23.21:5600/query?key1=fruit&key2=apple

4.查看Web页面返回结果如下：

{
"hello": "world",
"fruit": "apple"
}

2. fastapi + nacos服务注册

1.安装pip依赖

[root@bigdata001 ~]#
[root@bigdata001 ~]# pip install fastapi
[root@bigdata001 ~]#
[root@bigdata001 ~]# pip install uvicorn
[root@bigdata001 ~]#
[root@bigdata001 ~]# pip3 install nacos-sdk-python
[root@bigdata001 ~]#

2.router模块程序如下：

from typing import Optional
from fastapi import APIRouter, Query, Path
fastapi_router=APIRouter()
@fastapi_router.get(path="/")
async def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}
@fastapi_router.get(path = "/items/{my_item_id}",
                    summary="路径测试",
                    description="路径测试",
                    tags=["测试模块"],
                    response_description="{"my_item_id": my_item_id, "q": q}")
async def read_item(my_item_id: int=Path(None, description="我的item id"),
                    q: Optional[str] = Query(None, description="查询参数")):
    return {"my_item_id": my_item_id, "q": q}

3.app模块程序如下：

import nacos
from fastapi import FastAPI
import fastapi_router
def register_server_to_nacos():
    nacos_server_addresses = "192.168.8.246:8848"
    nacos_namespace = "public"
    nacos_user = "xxxxxx"
    nacos_password = "123456"
    nacos_cluster_name = "DEFAULT"
    nacos_group_name = "DEFAULT_GROUP"
    nacos_project_service_name = "data-quality-system"
    nacos_project_service_ip = "192.168.8.111"
    nacos_project_service_port = 6060
    
    client = nacos.NacosClient(nacos_server_addresses,
                               namespace=nacos_namespace,
                               username=nacos_user,
                               password=nacos_password)
    client.add_naming_instance(nacos_project_service_name,
                               nacos_project_service_ip,
                               nacos_project_service_port,
                               cluster_name = nacos_cluster_name,
                               weight = 1,
                               metadata = None,
                               enable = True,
                               healthy = True,
                               ephemeral = False,
                               group_name = nacos_group_name)
    client.send_heartbeat(nacos_project_service_name,
                          nacos_project_service_ip,
                          nacos_project_service_port,
                          cluster_name=nacos_cluster_name,
                          weight=1,
                          metadata=None,
                          ephemeral=False,
                          group_name=nacos_group_name)
app = FastAPI(title="my_fastapi_docs",description="my_fastapi_docs")
app.include_router(router=fastapi_router.fastapi_router)
if __name__ == "__main__":
	register_server_to_nacos()
	
    import uvicorn
    uvicorn.run(app=app, host="0.0.0.0",port=8080, workers=1)

4.请求URL: http://192.168.43.50:8080/items/6?q=fastapi

5.查看Web页面返回结果如下：

{"my_item_id":6,"q":"fastapi"}

查看fastapi docs路径：http://192.168.43.50:8080/docs，结果如下：

查看nacos页面如下：

2.1 post

post代码片段如下：

from pydantic import BaseModel

class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Optional[str] = None
    price: float
    tax: Optional[float] = None

@fastapi_router.post("/items/")
async def create_item(item: Item):
    print(item.dict())
    return item

执行requestTest.py

import requests
url = "http://192.168.88.177:6060/items"
data = {
    "name" : "bigdataboy",
    "price": 100,
}
response = requests.post(url=url,json=data)
print(response.json())

post代码片段和requestTest.py的执行结果都是

{"name": "bigdataboy", "description": None, "price": 100.0, "tax": None}

2.2 get请求接收list参数

get代码片段如下：

from typing import List

@fastapi_router.get(path = "/items/get_list")
async def get_list(id: int = Query(None),
                    names: List[str] = Query(None)
                   ):
    return {"id":id, "names":names}

访问http://192.168.88.177:8080/items/get_list?id=3&names=test1&names=test2，得到的结果如下：

2.3 请求URL进行文件下载

get代码片段如下：

from starlette.responses import FileResponse
@fastapi_router.get(path = "/items/downloadFile")
async def downloadFile():
    return FileResponse("C:\\Users\\dell\\Desktop\\test.txt", filename="test.txt")

访问http://192.168.88.177:8080/items/downloadFile，得到的结果如下：

2.4 获取Request Headers的Authorization，并使用JWT解析

使用浏览器F12查看的Authorization如下：

以上URL的请求是公司的前端向后端请求数据，只是记录下来，并自己并没有做模拟测试

jwt的安装

from starlette.responses import FileResponse

@fastapi_router.get(path = "/items/downloadFile")
async def downloadFile():
    return FileResponse("C:\\Users\\dell\\Desktop\\test.txt", filename="test.txt")

demo如下：

from fastapi import Request
import jwt
@fastapi_router.get(path = "/items/get_authorization")
async def get_authorization(request:Request,
                       name: str):
                       
    authorization = request.headers.get("authorization")
    token = authorization[7:]
    token_dict = jwt.decode(token, options={"verify_signature": False})
	return token_dict

访问http://192.168.88.177:8080/items/get_authorization?name=zhang_san，得到的结果如下：