Java ASM使用logback日志级别动态切换方案展示

来源：脚本之家时间：2022-04-01 19:50:21

背景

一切皆有因果，所有事情，都有事件驱动。本方案的日志级别切换是由这样的背景下产生的：

单个生产环境上，有几百近千个微服务日志级别切换不重启服务，要求即时生效果由业务开发人员去修改代码或增加相关依赖配置等涉及面广，推动进度慢后期动态实时过滤垃圾日志，减少io和磁盘空间成本

logback简介

在跟敌人发起战争之前，只有先发解敌方的情况，才能做到百战百胜。要想对logback的日志级别做动态切换，首先至少对logback做个初步的了解、和看看它有没有提供现成的实现方案。下面简单介绍一下logback跟这次需求有关的内容。

logback是java的日志开源组件，是log4j创始人写的，目前主要分为3个模块

logback-core:核心代码模块logback-classic:log4j的一个改良版本，同时实现了slf4j的接口logback-access:访问模块与Servlet容器集成提供通过Http来访问日志的功能ContextInitializer类是logback自动配置流程的逻辑实现日志级别由Logger维护和使用。其成员变量Level正是由Logger维护Logger中有filterAndLog_0_Or3Plus、filterAndLog_1、filterAndLog_2三个不同参数的过滤日志输出方法Logger中的setLevel就是对日志级别的维护

解决方案

在满头苦干之前，先了解市面上的方案。是设计师们乃至产品大佬们寻求最优解决方案的思路。

方案一：logback自动扫描更新

这个方案是logback自带现成的实现，只要开启配置就可以实现所谓的日志级别动态切换。配置方法：在logback的配置文件中，增加定时扫描器即可，如：

该方案可以不需要研发成本，运维人员自己配上并能使用。

它的缺点是：

每次调整扫描间隔时间都要重启服务90%以上的扫描都是无用功，因为生产上的日志级别不可能经常有切换需求，也不允许这么做生效不实时，如果设定在一分钟或几分钟扫描一次，那么让日志级别调整后生效就不是即时生效的，不过这个可以忽略该方案满足不了我们的垃圾日志丢弃的需求，比如根据某些关键字丢弃日志的输出。针对这种历史原因打印很多垃圾日志的情况，考虑到时间成本，不可能让业务研发去优化。

方案二：ASM动态修改字节码

当然，还有其它方案，如：自己定义接口api。来直接调用Logger中的setLevel方法，达到调整级别的目的；springboot的集成。

这些方案都不避免不了专主于业务开发角色的参与。

通过asm动态修改指令，该方案除了能满足调整日志级别即时生效之外。还可以满足过滤日志的需求

具体实现如下，在这里就不对asm做介绍了，不了解的同学，需要先去熟悉asm、java agent和jvm的指令：

一、idea创建maven工程

二、maven引入依赖


        
            org.ow2.asm
            asm
            7.1
        
        
            asm-commons
            org.ow2.asm
            7.1
        
        
            com.sun
            tools
            1.8
            system
            /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_191.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar
        
    


  
      
          org.apache.maven.plugins
          maven-jar-plugin
          3.2.0
          
              
                  
                      
                      
                          agent.LogbackAgentMain
                      
                      
                      true
                      
                      true
                  
              
          
      
      
          maven-compiler-plugin
          
              1.8
              1.8
              UTF-8
              
                  
                  
                  ${java.home}/lib/rt.jar

三、编写attrach启动类

package agent;
import java.lang.instrument.Instrumentation;
import java.lang.instrument.UnmodifiableClassException;
/**
 * @author dengbp
 * @ClassName LogbackAgentMain
 * @Description attach 启动器
 * @date 3/25/22 6:27 PM
 */
public class LogbackAgentMain {
    private static String FILTER_CLASS = "ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger";
    public static void agentmain(String agentArgs, Instrumentation inst) throws UnmodifiableClassException {
        System.out.println("agentArgs:" + agentArgs);
        inst.addTransformer(new LogBackFileTransformer(agentArgs), true);
        Class[] classes = inst.getAllLoadedClasses();
        for (int i = 0; i < classes.length; i++) {
            if (FILTER_CLASS.equals(classes[i].getName())) {
                System.out.println("----重新加载Logger开始----");
                inst.retransformClasses(classes[i]);
                System.out.println("----重新加载Logger完毕----");
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

四、实现字节码转换处理器

package agent;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.ClassVisitor;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter;
import java.lang.instrument.ClassFileTransformer;
import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
/**
 * @author dengbp
 * @ClassName LogBackFileTransformer
 * @Description 字节码文件转换器
 * @date 3/25/22 6:25 PM
 */
public class LogBackFileTransformer implements ClassFileTransformer {

    private final String level;
    private static String CLASS_NAME = "ch/qos/logback/classic/Logger";
    public LogBackFileTransformer(String level) {
        this.level = level;
    }
    @Override
    public byte[] transform(ClassLoader loader, String className, Class classBeingRedefined, ProtectionDomain protectionDomain, byte[] classfileBuffer) {
        if (!CLASS_NAME.equals(className)) {
            return classfileBuffer;
        }
        ClassReader cr = new ClassReader(classfileBuffer);
        ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(cr, ClassWriter.COMPUTE_FRAMES);
        ClassVisitor cv1 = new LogBackClassVisitor(cw, level);
        /*ClassVisitor cv2 = new LogBackClassVisitor(cv1);*/
        // asm框架使用到访问模式和责任链模式
        // ClassReader 只需要 accept 责任链中的头节点处的 ClassVisitor即可
        cr.accept(cv1, ClassReader.SKIP_FRAMES | ClassReader.SKIP_DEBUG);
        System.out.println("end...");
        return cw.toByteArray();
    }
}

五、实现Logger元素的访问者

package agent;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.ClassVisitor;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor;
import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;
/**
 * @author dengbp
 * @ClassName LogBackClassVisitor
 * @Description Logger类元素访问者
 * @date 3/25/22 5:01 PM
 */
public class LogBackClassVisitor extends ClassVisitor {
    private final String level;
    /**
     * asm版本
     */
    private static final int ASM_VERSION = Opcodes.ASM4;

    public LogBackClassVisitor(ClassVisitor classVisitor, String level) {
        super(ASM_VERSION, classVisitor);
        this.level = level;
    }
    @Override
    public MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String descriptor, String signature,
                                     String[] exceptions) {
        MethodVisitor mv = super.visitMethod(access, name, descriptor, signature, exceptions);
        return new LogFilterMethodVisitor(api, mv, access, name, descriptor, level);
    }
}

六、最后实现Logger关键方法的访问者

该访问者(类)，实现日志级别的切换，需要对Logger的三个日志过滤方法进行指令的修改。原理是把命令行入参的日志级别参数值覆盖其成员变量effectiveLevelInt的值，由于篇幅过大，只贴核心部分代码，请看下面：

package agent;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Label;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor;
import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.commons.AdviceAdapter;
import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;
/**
 * @author dengbp
 * @ClassName LogFilterMethodVisitor
 * @Description Logger类日志过滤方法元素访问者
 * @date 3/25/22 5:01 PM
 */
public class LogFilterMethodVisitor extends AdviceAdapter {
    private String methodName;
    private final String level;
    private static final String filterAndLog_1 = "filterAndLog_1";
    private static final String filterAndLog_2 = "filterAndLog_2";
    private static final String filterAndLog_0_Or3Plus = "filterAndLog_0_Or3Plus";
    protected LogFilterMethodVisitor(int api, MethodVisitor methodVisitor, int access, String name, String descriptor, String level) {
        super(api, methodVisitor, access, name, descriptor);
        this.methodName = name;
        this.level = level;
    }
    /**
     * Description 在访问方法的头部时被访问
     * @param
     * @return void
     * @Author dengbp
     * @Date 3:36 PM 4/1/22
     **/
    @Override
    public void visitCode() {
        System.out.println("visitCode method");
        super.visitCode();
    }
    @Override
    protected void onMethodEnter() {
        System.out.println("开始重写日志级别为："+level);
        System.out.println("----准备修改方法----");
        if (filterAndLog_1.equals(methodName)) {
            modifyLogLevel_1();
        }
        if (filterAndLog_2.equals(methodName)) {
            modifyLogLevel_2();
        }
        if (filterAndLog_0_Or3Plus.equals(methodName)) {
            modifyLogLevel_3();
        }
        System.out.println("重写日志级别成功....");
    }

其中modifyLogLevel_1(); modifyLogLevel_2();modifyLogLevel_3();分别对应filterAndLog_1、filterAndLog_2、filterAndLog_0_Or3Plus方法指令的修改。下面只贴modifyLogLevel_1的实现

/**
     * Description 修改目标方法：filterAndLog_1
     * @param
     * @return void
     * @Author dengbp
     * @Date 2:20 PM 3/31/22
     **/
    private void modifyLogLevel_1(){
        Label l0 = new Label();
        mv.visitLabel(l0);
        mv.visitLineNumber(390, l0);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 0);
        mv.visitLdcInsn(level);
        mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, "ch/qos/logback/classic/Level", "toLevel", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Lch/qos/logback/classic/Level;", false);
        mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETFIELD, "ch/qos/logback/classic/Level", "levelInt", "I");
        mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.PUTFIELD, "ch/qos/logback/classic/Logger", "effectiveLevelInt", "I");
        Label l1 = new Label();
        mv.visitLabel(l1);
        mv.visitLineNumber(392, l1);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 0);
        mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETFIELD, "ch/qos/logback/classic/Logger", "loggerContext", "Lch/qos/logback/classic/LoggerContext;");
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 2);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 0);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 3);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 4);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 5);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 6);
        mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, "ch/qos/logback/classic/LoggerContext", "getTurboFilterChainDecision_1", "(Lorg/slf4j/Marker;Lch/qos/logback/classic/Logger;Lch/qos/logback/classic/Level;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Throwable;)Lch/qos/logback/core/spi/FilterReply;", false);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ASTORE, 7);
        Label l2 = new Label();
        mv.visitLabel(l2);
        mv.visitLineNumber(394, l2);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 7);
        mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, "ch/qos/logback/core/spi/FilterReply", "NEUTRAL", "Lch/qos/logback/core/spi/FilterReply;");
        Label l3 = new Label();
        mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.IF_ACMPNE, l3);
        Label l4 = new Label();
        mv.visitLabel(l4);
        mv.visitLineNumber(395, l4);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 0);
        mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETFIELD, "ch/qos/logback/classic/Logger", "effectiveLevelInt", "I");
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 3);
        mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETFIELD, "ch/qos/logback/classic/Level", "levelInt", "I");
        Label l5 = new Label();
        mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.IF_ICMPLE, l5);
        Label l6 = new Label();
        mv.visitLabel(l6);
        mv.visitLineNumber(396, l6);
        mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.RETURN);
        mv.visitLabel(l3);
        mv.visitLineNumber(398, l3);
        mv.visitFrame(Opcodes.F_APPEND, 1, new Object[]{"ch/qos/logback/core/spi/FilterReply"}, 0, null);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 7);
        mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, "ch/qos/logback/core/spi/FilterReply", "DENY", "Lch/qos/logback/core/spi/FilterReply;");
        mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.IF_ACMPNE, l5);
        Label l7 = new Label();
        mv.visitLabel(l7);
        mv.visitLineNumber(399, l7);
        mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.RETURN);
        mv.visitLabel(l5);
        mv.visitLineNumber(402, l5);
        mv.visitFrame(Opcodes.F_SAME, 0, null, 0, null);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 0);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 1);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 2);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 3);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 4);
        mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.ICONST_1);
        mv.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.ANEWARRAY, "java/lang/Object");
        mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.DUP);
        mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.ICONST_0);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 5);
        mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.AASTORE);
        mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 6);
        mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESPECIAL, "ch/qos/logback/classic/Logger", "buildLoggingEventAndAppend", "(Ljava/lang/String;Lorg/slf4j/Marker;Lch/qos/logback/classic/Level;Ljava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Throwable;)V", false);
        Label l8 = new Label();
        mv.visitLabel(l8);
        mv.visitLineNumber(403, l8);
        mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.RETURN);
        Label l9 = new Label();
        mv.visitLabel(l9);
        mv.visitLocalVariable("this", "Lch/qos/logback/classic/Logger;", null, l0, l9, 0);
        mv.visitLocalVariable("localFQCN", "Ljava/lang/String;", null, l0, l9, 1);
        mv.visitLocalVariable("marker", "Lorg/slf4j/Marker;", null, l0, l9, 2);
        mv.visitLocalVariable("level", "Lch/qos/logback/classic/Level;", null, l0, l9, 3);
        mv.visitLocalVariable("msg", "Ljava/lang/String;", null, l0, l9, 4);
        mv.visitLocalVariable("param", "Ljava/lang/Object;", null, l0, l9, 5);
        mv.visitLocalVariable("t", "Ljava/lang/Throwable;", null, l0, l9, 6);
        mv.visitLocalVariable("decision", "Lch/qos/logback/core/spi/FilterReply;", null, l2, l9, 7);
        mv.visitMaxs(9, 8);
        mv.visitEnd();
    }

七、最后再编写加载attach Agent的加载类

import com.sun.tools.attach.VirtualMachine;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

/**
 * @author dengbp
 * @ClassName MyAttachMain
 * @Description jar 执行命令：
 * @date 3/25/22 4:12 PM
 */
public class MyAttachMain {
    private static final int ARGS_SIZE = 2;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        if (args == null || args.length != ARGS_SIZE) {
            System.out.println("请输入进程id和日志级别(ALL、TRACE、DEBUG、INFO、WARN、ERROR、OFF),如：31722 info");
            return;
        }
        VirtualMachine vm = null;
        try {
            System.out.println("修改的进程id:" + args[0]);
            vm = VirtualMachine.attach(args[0]);
            System.out.println("调整日志级别为：" + args[1]);
            vm.loadAgent(getJar(), args[1]);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (vm != null) {
                try {
                    vm.detach();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    private static String getJar() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        String jarFilePath = MyAttachMain.class.getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource().getLocation().getFile();
        jarFilePath = java.net.URLDecoder.decode(jarFilePath, "UTF-8");
        int beginIndex = 0;
        int endIndex = jarFilePath.length();
        if (jarFilePath.contains(".jar")) {
            endIndex = jarFilePath.indexOf(".jar") + 4;
        }
        if (jarFilePath.startsWith("file:")) {
            beginIndex = jarFilePath.indexOf("file:") + 5;
        }
        jarFilePath = jarFilePath.substring(beginIndex, endIndex);
        System.out.println("jar path:" + jarFilePath);
        return jarFilePath;
    }
}

八、打包执行

寻找目标程序执行jar

java  -Xbootclasspath/a:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_191.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar  -cp change-log-agent-1.0.1.jar MyAttachMain 52433  DEBUG

java  -Xbootclasspath/a:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_191.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar  -cp change-log-agent-1.0.1.jar MyAttachMain 52433 ERROR

java  -Xbootclasspath/a:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_191.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar  -cp change-log-agent-1.0.1.jar MyAttachMain 52433 INFO

效果

PS:如果出现校验失败(caused by: java.lang.verifyerror)，请配上jvm参数：-noverify