Python实现RSA加密解密
来源:脚本之家    时间:2022-04-14 21:59:08
目录
前言一、安装模块二、生成密钥对三、加密四、解密五、完整代码

前言

加密技术在数据安全存储,数据传输中发挥着重要作用,能够保护用户隐私数据安全,防止信息窃取。RSA是一种非对称加密技术,在软件、网页中已得到广泛应用。本文将介绍RSA加密解密在python中的实现。原则:公钥加密,私钥解密解释:具体过程的解释请见代码前的注释

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一、安装模块

pip install pycryptodome 

二、生成密钥对

密钥对文件生成和读取代码:
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA

def create_rsa_pair(is_save=False):
    """
    创建rsa公钥私钥对
    :param is_save: default:False
    :return: public_key, private_key
    """
    f = RSA.generate(2048)
    private_key = f.exportKey("PEM")  # 生成私钥
    public_key = f.publickey().exportKey()  # 生成公钥
    if is_save:
        with open("crypto_private_key.pem", "wb") as f:
            f.write(private_key)
        with open("crypto_public_key.pem", "wb") as f:
            f.write(public_key)
    return public_key, private_key


def read_public_key(file_path="crypto_public_key.pem") -> bytes:
    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
        b = x.read()
        return b


def read_private_key(file_path="crypto_private_key.pem") -> bytes:
    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
        b = x.read()
        return b

三、加密

流程:输入文本(str)→字符串编码(默认utf-8)(bytes)→rsa加密(bytes)→base64编码(bytes)→解码为字符串(str)

代码:

import base64
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA

def encryption(text: str, public_key: bytes):
	# 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)
	text = text.encode("utf-8")
	# 构建公钥对象
	cipher_public = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(public_key))
	# 加密(bytes)
	text_encrypted = cipher_public.encrypt(text) 
	# base64编码,并转为字符串
	text_encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(text_encrypted ).decode()
	return text_encrypted_base64 
	
if __name__ == "__main__":
	public_key = read_public_key()
	text = "123456"
	text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)
	print("密文:",text_encrypted_base64)

四、解密

说明:解密流程与加密流程相反(按照加密流程逆序解密)流程:输入文本(str)→字符串编码(默认utf-8)(bytes)→base64解码(bytes)→rsa解密(bytes)→解码为字符串(str)代码:
import base64
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
from Crypto import Random
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA

def decryption(text_encrypted_base64: str, private_key: bytes):
	# 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)
	text_encrypted_base64 = text_encrypted_base64.encode("utf-8")
	# base64解码
	text_encrypted = base64.b64decode(text_encrypted_base64 )
	# 构建私钥对象
	cipher_private = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(private_key))
	# 解密(bytes)
	text_decrypted = cipher_private.decrypt(text_encrypted , Random.new().read)
	# 解码为字符串
	text_decrypted = text_decrypted.decode()
	return text_decrypted 
	
if __name__ == "__main__":
	# 生成密文
	public_key = read_public_key()
	text = "123456"
	text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)
	print("密文:",text_encrypted_base64)
	
	# 解密
	private_key = read_private_key()
	text_decrypted = decryption(text_encrypted_base64, private_key)
	print("明文:",text_decrypted)

五、完整代码

import base64
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
from Crypto import Random
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA


# ------------------------生成密钥对------------------------
def create_rsa_pair(is_save=False):
    """
    创建rsa公钥私钥对
    :param is_save: default:False
    :return: public_key, private_key
    """
    f = RSA.generate(2048)
    private_key = f.exportKey("PEM")  # 生成私钥
    public_key = f.publickey().exportKey()  # 生成公钥
    if is_save:
        with open("crypto_private_key.pem", "wb") as f:
            f.write(private_key)
        with open("crypto_public_key.pem", "wb") as f:
            f.write(public_key)
    return public_key, private_key


def read_public_key(file_path="crypto_public_key.pem") -> bytes:
    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
        b = x.read()
        return b


def read_private_key(file_path="crypto_private_key.pem") -> bytes:
    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
        b = x.read()
        return b


# ------------------------加密------------------------
def encryption(text: str, public_key: bytes):
    # 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)
    text = text.encode("utf-8")
    # 构建公钥对象
    cipher_public = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(public_key))
    # 加密(bytes)
    text_encrypted = cipher_public.encrypt(text)
    # base64编码,并转为字符串
    text_encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(text_encrypted).decode()
    return text_encrypted_base64


# ------------------------解密------------------------
def decryption(text_encrypted_base64: str, private_key: bytes):
    # 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)
    text_encrypted_base64 = text_encrypted_base64.encode("utf-8")
    # base64解码
    text_encrypted = base64.b64decode(text_encrypted_base64)
    # 构建私钥对象
    cipher_private = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(private_key))
    # 解密(bytes)
    text_decrypted = cipher_private.decrypt(text_encrypted, Random.new().read)
    # 解码为字符串
    text_decrypted = text_decrypted.decode()
    return text_decrypted


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 生成密钥对
    # create_rsa_pair(is_save=True)
    # public_key = read_public_key()
    # private_key = read_private_key()
    public_key, private_key = create_rsa_pair(is_save=False)

    # 加密
    text = "123456"
    text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)
    print("密文:", text_encrypted_base64)

    # 解密
    text_decrypted = decryption(text_encrypted_base64, private_key)
    print("明文:", text_decrypted)

运行:

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