Python使用Crypto库实现加密解密的示例详解

来源：脚本之家时间：2023-01-12 11:03:33

(资料图)

一：crypto库安装

pycrypto，pycryptodome是crypto第三方库，pycrypto已经停止更新三年了，所以不建议安装这个库；pycryptodome是pycrypto的延伸版本，用法和pycrypto 是一模一样的；所以只需要安装pycryptodome就可以了

pip install pycryptodome

二：python使用crypto

1：crypto的加密解密组件des.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
from Crypto.Cipher import DES
from binascii import b2a_hex, a2b_hex
class MyDESCrypt: #自己实现的DES加密类
    def __init__(self, key = ""):
        #密钥长度必须为64位，也就是8个字节
        if key is not "":
            self.key = key.encode("utf-8")
        else:
            self.key = "12345678".encode("utf-8")
        self.mode = DES.MODE_CBC
    # 加密函数，如果text不足16位就用空格补足为16位，
    # 如果大于16当时不是16的倍数，那就补足为16的倍数。
    def encrypt(self,text):
        try:
            text = text.encode("utf-8")
            cryptor = DES.new(self.key, self.mode, self.key)
            # 这里密钥key 长度必须为16（DES-128）,
            # 24（DES-192）,或者32 （DES-256）Bytes 长度
            # 目前DES-128 足够目前使用
            length = 16   #lenth可以设置为8的倍数
            count = len(text)
            if count < length:
                add = (length - count)
                # \0 backspace
                # text = text + ("\0" * add)
                text = text + ("\0" * add).encode("utf-8")
            elif count > length:
                add = (length - (count % length))
                # text = text + ("\0" * add)
                text = text + ("\0" * add).encode("utf-8")
            self.ciphertext = cryptor.encrypt(text)
            # 因为DES加密时候得到的字符串不一定是ascii字符集的，输出到终端或者保存时候可能存在问题
            # 所以这里统一把加密后的字符串转化为16进制字符串
            return b2a_hex(self.ciphertext)
        except:
            return ""
    # 解密后，去掉补足的空格用strip() 去掉
    def decrypt(self, text):
        try:
            cryptor = DES.new(self.key, self.mode, self.key)
            plain_text = cryptor.decrypt(a2b_hex(text))
            # return plain_text.rstrip("\0")
            return bytes.decode(plain_text).rstrip("\0")
        except:
            return ""

2：crypto组件使用

from . import des
msg = "password is 961223"
key = "12345678"  #key值可传可不传
des1 = des.MyDESCrypt()
#加密
cipherTxt = des1.encrypt(msg)  #返回值为bytes型
print(cipherTxt)
#解密
decTxt = des1.decrypt(cipherTxt);  #返回值为str型
print(decTxt)

知识补充

下面是小编为大家整理的一些Python利用pycrypto进行加密解密的示例，希望对大家有所帮助

AES-ECB加解密

下面是采用ECB并以pkcs7填充的加密与解密方法

import base64

from Crypto.Cipher import AES
from Crypto.Util.Padding import pad, unpad


def aes_encrypt(secret_key, data):
    """加密数据
    :param secret_key: 加密秘钥
    :param data: 需要加密数据
    """
    data = bytes(data, encoding="utf-8")
    # 填充数据采用pkcs7
    data = pad(data, block_size=16, style="pkcs7")
    # 创建加密器
    cipher = AES.new(key=secret_key.encode("utf-8"), mode=AES.MODE_ECB)
    # 对数据进行加密
    encrypted_data = cipher.encrypt(data)
    # 对数据进行base64编码
    encrypted_data = base64.b64encode(encrypted_data)
    return encrypted_data.decode()


def aes_decrypt(secret_key, data):
    """解密数据
    """
    data = base64.b64decode(data)
    cipher = AES.new(key=secret_key.encode("utf-8"), mode=AES.MODE_ECB)
    decrypt_data = cipher.decrypt(data)
    decrypt_data = unpad(decrypt_data, 16, style="pkcs7")
    return decrypt_data.decode("utf-8")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    key = "22a1d4c4263e83d7f8c33a321eb19ae7"
    data = "asdASD73j8H9k6C1asvhBOK0PXOzJM7dsqXysssW"
    print("原始数据：%s" % data)
    r = aes_encrypt(key, data)
    print("加密数据：%s" % r)
    r = aes_decrypt("22a1d4c4263e83d7f8c33a321eb19ae7", r)
    print("解密数据：%s" % r)

执行结果如下

AES-GCM加解密

import base64
import random
import string

from Crypto.Cipher import AES


def encrypt_aes_gcm(key, data, associated_data=None, nonce=None):
    """
    AES-GCM加密
    :param key: 密钥。16, 24 or 32字符长度的字符串
    :param data: 待加密字符串
    :param associated_data: 附加数据，一般为None
    :param nonce: 随机值，和MD5的“加盐”有些类似，目的是防止同样的明文块，始终加密成同样的密文块
    :return:
    """
    key = key.encode("utf-8")
    data = data.encode("utf-8")
    # 假如先后端约定随机值为16位长度的字符串
    nonce = nonce or "1234567812345678"
    nonce = nonce.encode("utf-8")

    # 生成加密器
    cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_GCM, nonce=nonce)
    if associated_data is not None:
        cipher.update(associated_data.encode())

    # 加密数据
    cipher_data, auth_tag = cipher.encrypt_and_digest(data)

    # 拼接数据
    join_data = nonce + cipher_data + auth_tag      # 拼接数据为：前16位为nonce，后16位为验签值

    # 返回base64编码数据
    return base64.b64encode(join_data).decode("utf-8")


def decrypt_aes_gcm(key, cipher_data, associated_data=None):
    """
    AES-GCM解密
    :param cipher_data: encrypt_aes_gcm 方法返回的数据
    :return:
    """
    key = key.encode("utf-8")

    # 进行base64解码
    debase64_cipher_data = base64.b64decode(cipher_data)

    # 分割数据
    nonce = debase64_cipher_data[:16]
    cipher_data = debase64_cipher_data[16:-16]
    auth_tag = debase64_cipher_data[-16:]

    cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_GCM, nonce=nonce)
    if associated_data is not None:
        cipher.update(associated_data.encode())

    # 解密数据
    plaintext = cipher.decrypt_and_verify(cipher_data, auth_tag)
    return plaintext.decode()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    aes_key = "DnKRYZbvVzdhPlF10rtcxmi5Cj36AbCd"
    associated_data = "1234567812345678"
    nonce = "".join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, 16))
    data = "{"lang":"zh-CN","pageNumber":1,"pageSize":10,"cycleId":"1522973936269266945"}"
    print("原始数据：" + data)

    cipher_data = encrypt_aes_gcm(aes_key, data, associated_data=associated_data, nonce=nonce)
    print("加密数据：" + cipher_data)

    de_data = decrypt_aes_gcm(aes_key, cipher_data, associated_data)
    print("解密数据：" + de_data)

执行结果如下：

使用RAS实现非对称加解密

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from Crypto import Random
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
import base64


def get_key():
    """生成公私钥"""
    # 生成rsa算法实例
    rsa = RSA.generate(1024, Random.new().read)
    # 生成公钥私钥
    private_pem = rsa.exportKey()
    public_pem = rsa.publickey().exportKey()

    return {
        "public_key": public_pem.decode(),
        "private_key": private_pem.decode()
    }


def rsa_encrypt(data, public_key):
    """公钥加密"""
    # 加载公钥
    rsakey = RSA.importKey(public_key)
    # 生成密码器
    cipher = PKCS1_v1_5.new(rsakey)
    # 加密数据。注意，在python3中加密的数据必须是bytes类型的数据，不能是str类型的数据
    encrypt_data = cipher.encrypt(data.encode(encoding="utf-8"))
    # # 对数据进行base64编码
    encrypt_data = base64.b64encode(encrypt_data)
    # 公钥每次加密的结果不一样。原因是每次padding的数据不一样
    return encrypt_data.decode()


def rsa_decrypt(cipher_data, private_key):
    """私钥解密"""
    # 加载私钥
    rsakey = RSA.importKey(private_key)
    # 生成密码器
    cipher = PKCS1_v1_5.new(rsakey)
    # 将密文解密成明文，返回的是一个bytes类型数据，需要自己转换成str
    decrypt_data = cipher.decrypt(base64.b64decode(cipher_data), "解密失败")
    return decrypt_data.decode()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # k = get_key()
    # public_key = k.get("public_key")
    # private_key = k.get("private_key")
    #
    # print(public_key)
    # print(private_key)

    public_key = """-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDKF7UTc5K61xMUKrCtld0dYJf/
KjT5P+R3H8n8my8aEYqUaWQjO3CkQGsLN//5Tbs8g5Of4vAkqytoleWxSQxFGO7T
YuOQ7UtvRhKqTKvX8PvDnKX7ebKzw3zIXt1QDRbc2bJTqVAbPDdT1DNvyocQdCMC
BtPA2algMRs4Zq0qpwIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
    """
    private_key = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
    """

    data = "hello python!"
    cipher_data = rsa_encrypt(data, public_key)
    print(cipher_data)

    decrypt_data = rsa_decrypt(cipher_data, private_key)
    print(decrypt_data)

执行结果如下

到此这篇关于Python使用Crypto库实现加密解密的示例详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Python Crypto加密解密内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！

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