环球观察：手把手教你用322行Python代码编写贪吃蛇游戏

来源：脚本之家时间：2023-02-05 10:58:16

(资料图)

效果图

贪吃蛇是一个很常见的小游戏，我们如何用Python去实现呢。

安装和导入

pip install pygame
pip install keyboard
pip install pickledb

通过命令提示符安装所需模块。（以上非Python代码）

#导入
import pygame, keyboard, random, threading, time, pickledb

这个程序用到了pygame作为显示模块，keyboard捕获键盘操，pickledb记录最高纪录。

规则

#显示规则
print()
print("方向键控制方向")
print("\"esc\"退出")
print("\"alt\"暂停")
print("\"space\"继续")
print("每吃掉一个莓果，蛇身长长一格")
print("撞到蛇身或窗口边缘即为死亡")
print("死亡后\"esc\"退出，\"enter\"再来一局")

初始化

#初始化
pygame.init()
 
#设定窗口
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((500, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption("Greedy Snake")

执行以上代码就设定好了贪吃蛇的窗口。

设定Surface，变量和显示数字的坐标

#设定蛇身
body = pygame.Surface((20, 20))
body.fill("yellow")
 
#设定莓果
berries = pygame.Surface((20, 20))
berries.fill("red")
 
#设定数字方块(用于显示数字)
block = pygame.Surface((4, 4))

#设定变量
T = 0
db = pickledb.load("Mark.db", False)
HI = db.get("HiMark")
B = False

函数

def keyname(key) :
    #键盘捕获
    global KEY
    KEY = key.name
keyboard.on_press(keyname)

用on_press绑定了keyname后，当键盘按下时会执行keyname函数。（key.name是按键的名称）

def snake() :
    #显示蛇身
    global path
    for xy in path :
        screen.blit(body, xy)
 
def food() :
    #显示食物
    global fx, fy
    screen.blit(berries, (fx, fy))
 
def eat() :
    #检测是否吃掉食物
    if (x, y) == (fx, fy) :
        return True
    else :
        return False
 
def crash() :
    #检测是否碰撞
    if path.count((x, y)) != 0 :
        return True
    elif x < 0 or x > 480 or y < 0 or y > 480 :
        return True
    else :
        return False
 
def count() :
    #计时线程函数
    global T
    while True :
        if B :
            time.sleep(1)
            T += 1
 
def timer() :
    #显示时间
    global T, number
    a = T // 100
    b = T % 100 // 10
    c = T % 10
    a = number[a]
    b = number[b]
    c = number[c]
    X, Y = 6, 10
    block.fill("white")
    for n in (a, b, c) :
        for xy in n :
            x = X + xy[0] * 4
            y = Y + xy[1] * 4
            screen.blit(block, (x, y))
        X += 32
 
def mark() :
    #显示分数
    global M, number
    a = M // 100
    b = M % 100 // 10
    c = M % 10
    a = number[a]
    b = number[b]
    c = number[c]
    X, Y = 395, 10
    block.fill("white")
    for n in (a, b, c) :
        for xy in n :
            x = X + xy[0] * 4
            y = Y + xy[1] * 4
            screen.blit(block, (x, y))
        X += 32
 
def hi() :
    #显示最高纪录
    global HI, number
    a = HI // 100
    b = HI % 100 // 10
    c = HI % 10
    a = number[a]
    b = number[b]
    c = number[c]
    X, Y = 263, 10
    block.fill("grey")
    for n in (a, b, c) :
        for xy in n :
            x = X + xy[0] * 4
            y = Y + xy[1] * 4
            screen.blit(block, (x, y))
        X += 32

线程

#启动计时线程
time_count_thread = threading.Thread(target = count)
time_count_thread.start()

线程可以在主线程的运行过程中运行，起到计时的作用。

主要部分

以下就是程序的主要部分，实现了对按键名称进行判断、蛇的移动、蛇吃掉食物后的生长和判断死亡。

while True :
    #变量初始化
    KEY = "up"
    lKEY = KEY
    x, y = 240, 240
    path = []
    path.append((x, y))
    fx, fy = random.randrange(20, 460, 20), random.randrange(20, 460, 20)
    while path.count((fx, fy)) != 0 :
        fx, fy = random.randrange(20, 460, 20), random.randrange(20, 460, 20)
    T = 0
    M = 0
    B = True
 
    while True :
        time.sleep(0.1)
 
        #检测是否按下退出按钮
        for event in pygame.event.get() :
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT :
                pygame.quit()
                exit()
        
        #检测键盘按键
        if (KEY == "up" and lKEY != "down") or (KEY == "w" and lKEY != "s") :
            y -= 20
            lKEY = KEY
        elif (KEY == "down" and lKEY != "up") or (KEY == "s" and lKEY != "w")  :
            y += 20
            lKEY = KEY
        elif (KEY == "left" and lKEY != "right") or (KEY == "a" and lKEY != "d")  :
            x -= 20
            lKEY = KEY
        elif (KEY == "right" and lKEY != "left") or (KEY == "d" and lKEY != "a")  :
            x += 20
            lKEY = KEY
        elif KEY == "alt" or KEY == "right alt" :
            B = False
            while True :
                pygame.event.wait()
                if KEY == "space" :
                    KEY = lKEY
                    B = True
                    break
                elif KEY == "esc" :
                    pygame.quit()
                    if M > HI :
                        HI = M
                        db.set("HiMark", HI)
                        db.dump()
                    exit()
            continue
        elif KEY == "esc" :
            pygame.quit()
            if M > HI :
                HI = M
                db.set("HiMark", HI)
                db.dump()
            exit()
        else :
            KEY = lKEY
            continue
 
        #检测是否碰撞或吃掉食物
        if crash() :
            break
        if eat() :
            M += 1
            fx, fy = random.randrange(20, 460, 20), random.randrange(20, 460, 20)
            while path.count((fx, fy)) != 0 :
                fx, fy = random.randrange(20, 460, 20), random.randrange(20, 460, 20)
        else :
            del path[0]
        
        #更新屏幕内容
        path.append((x, y))
        screen.fill("black")
        snake()
        food()
        timer()
        mark()
        hi()
        pygame.display.flip()
 
    #保存最高纪录
    if M > HI :
        HI = M
        db.set("HiMark", HI)
        db.dump()
    
    B = False
 
    #检测是否退出或再来一局
    while True :
        event = pygame.event.wait()
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT :
            pygame.quit()
            exit()
        elif KEY == "esc" :
            pygame.quit()
            exit()
        elif KEY == "return" or KEY == "enter" :
            break